{"id":12256,"date":"2025-02-01T16:12:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-01T21:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maizex.com\/?p=12256"},"modified":"2025-10-28T16:38:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T20:38:55","slug":"les-maladies-emergentes-dans-le-mais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maizex.com\/fr\/les-maladies-emergentes-dans-le-mais\/","title":{"rendered":"Les maladies \u00e9mergentes dans le ma\u00efs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, nous voyons appara\u00eetre de nouvelles maladies au Qu\u00e9bec. Dans ce dossier sur les maladies \u00e9mergentes \u00e0 surveiller, nous regarderons dans un premier temps ce qui guette le ma\u00efs dans les prochaines ann\u00e9es : la br\u00fblure des feuilles du ma\u00efs du nord et la tache goudronneuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2024, les yeux ont surtout \u00e9t\u00e9 tourn\u00e9s vers une nouvelle maladie foliaire \u00e9mergente : la tache goudronneuse du ma\u00efs. Cependant, cette derni\u00e8re est arriv\u00e9e tardivement au Qu\u00e9bec et n\u2019a caus\u00e9 aucun dommage au ma\u00efs \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 le stade avanc\u00e9 de la plante lors de l\u2019apparition des sympt\u00f4mes. Cette maladie est maintenant pr\u00e9sente au Qu\u00e9bec et peut \u00eatre tr\u00e8s virulente si elle affecte les plantes plus t\u00f4t en saison apr\u00e8s la sortie des croix durant le remplissage des grains. C\u2019est plut\u00f4t la br\u00fblure des feuilles du nord (dess\u00e8chement) qui a fait des dommages importants durant l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e chez certaines g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques sensibles, \u00e0 ne pas confondre avec la tache goudronneuse. Voici comment distinguer et contr\u00f4ler ces deux maladies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>LA BR\u00dbLURE DES FEUILLES DU MA\u00cfS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La br\u00fblure des feuilles du ma\u00efs du nord, aussi appel\u00e9e le dess\u00e8chement ou Northern corn leaf blight (en anglais), est une maladie fongique qui affecte principalement le ma\u00efs. Elle est caus\u00e9e par l\u2019agent pathog\u00e8ne Exserohilum turcicum. Cette maladie se manifeste souvent pendant les p\u00e9riodes de chaleur et d\u2019humidit\u00e9 qui favorisent la propagation du champignon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SYMPT\u00d4MES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les sympt\u00f4mes peuvent ressembler \u00e0 ceux caus\u00e9s par un gel h\u00e2tif et se caract\u00e9risent principalement par des l\u00e9sions sur les feuilles du ma\u00efs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les l\u00e9sions sont elliptiques (en forme de cigare);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les l\u00e9sions peuvent s\u2019\u00e9tendre pour causer le dess\u00e8chement du plant et limiter la photosynth\u00e8se.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"940\" height=\"556\" src=\"https:\/\/maizex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maizex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic-1.png 940w, https:\/\/maizex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic-1-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/maizex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic-1-768x454.png 768w, https:\/\/maizex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic-1-860x509.png 860w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hybride sensible \u00e0 la br\u00fblure des feuilles (dess\u00e8chement) \u00e0 droite et hybride tol\u00e9rant, \u00e0 gauche.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CONDITIONS PROPICES<\/strong><br>La br\u00fblure des feuilles se d\u00e9veloppe dans des conditions mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment chaudes et humides, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire lorsque les temp\u00e9ratures sont comprises entre 18 et 27 \u00b0C et que de l&rsquo;eau persiste sur le feuillage pendant une p\u00e9riode prolong\u00e9e, caus\u00e9es par de la ros\u00e9e ou des pluies abondantes. Les l\u00e9sions apparaissent d&rsquo;abord sur les feuilles inf\u00e9rieures. Plus la saison avance, plus la maladie se propage dans la partie sup\u00e9rieure du couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal. Les spores du champignon vivent sur les r\u00e9sidus de ma\u00efs pr\u00e9sents sur le sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>COMMENT LA CONTR\u00d4LER<\/strong><br>Il existe plusieurs strat\u00e9gies pour contr\u00f4ler la br\u00fblure des feuilles du ma\u00efs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Choisir des hybrides avec une excellente r\u00e9sistance;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utiliser un fongicide qui cible cette maladie foliaire;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Faire la rotation des cultures pour aider \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les populations de spores dans le sol.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:25% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"608\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/maizex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12259 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maizex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic-2.png 608w, https:\/\/maizex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pic-2-300x289.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>LA TACHE GOUDRONNEUSE DU MA\u00cfS<\/strong><br>La tache goudronneuse (tar spot en anglais) est caus\u00e9e par le champignon Phyllachora maydis, qui infecte les feuilles du ma\u00efs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SYMPT\u00d4MES<\/strong><br>Les sympt\u00f4mes de la tache goudronneuse du ma\u00efs se caract\u00e9risent principalement par des taches noires sur les feuilles du ma\u00efs qui ressemblent \u00e0 des gouttes de goudron. En cas de forte infection, les taches peuvent se propager et affecter une grande partie de la feuille, ce qui limite la photosynth\u00e8se du plant de ma\u00efs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments notables sur les feuilles atteintes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u00e9sions noires ressemblant \u00e0 des taches de goudron sur les feuilles;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La tache ne s\u2019enl\u00e8ve pas lorsqu\u2019on la gratte sur la feuille.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CONDITIONS PROPICES<\/strong><br>La combinaison de temp\u00e9rature fraiche entre 17 et 23 oC et d&rsquo;une humidit\u00e9 relative sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 75 % cr\u00e9e un environnement favorable \u00e0 la propagation du pathog\u00e8ne. Les feuilles des plants de ma\u00efs doivent demeurer mouill\u00e9es pendant plus de sept heures en continu. L\u2019humidit\u00e9 peut \u00eatre caus\u00e9e par la pluie ou une ros\u00e9e persistante sur le feuillage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>COMMENT LA CONTR\u00d4LER<\/strong><br>Il existe plusieurs strat\u00e9gies pour contr\u00f4ler la tache goudronneuse du ma\u00efs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Choisir un hybride de ma\u00efs plus tol\u00e9rant. Cependant, aucune g\u00e9n\u00e9tique n\u2019est r\u00e9sistante \u00e0 cette maladie actuellement;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Appliquer un fongicide qui cible cette maladie afin de pr\u00e9venir ou de limiter l\u2019infection;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Faire la rotation des cultures, une pratique b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour r\u00e9duire l\u2019incidence de maladies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>LES MALADIES FOLIAIRES ET LEUR IMPACT SUR LE RENDEMENT DU MA\u00cfS<\/strong><br>Les l\u00e9sions foliaires r\u00e9duisent la capacit\u00e9 de la plante \u00e0 effectuer la photosynth\u00e8se, ce qui affecte directement la croissance et le rendement des \u00e9pis. Les plantes infect\u00e9es deviennent plus vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 d\u2019autres agents pathog\u00e8nes et aux stress abiotiques, comme la s\u00e9cheresse. Si la maladie est grave et non contr\u00f4l\u00e9e, les rendements peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duits, en particulier si l\u2019infection survient avant ou pendant la p\u00e9riode de remplissage des \u00e9pis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bref, les maladies foliaires dans le ma\u00efs peuvent causer des dommages importants, mais elles peuvent \u00eatre contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une gestion appropri\u00e9e, y compris des traitements fongicides cibl\u00e9s et l\u2019utilisation d\u2019hybrides de ma\u00efs plus tol\u00e9rants. Parlez-en \u00e0 votre expert-conseil. Dans le prochain num\u00e9ro : les maladies \u00e9mergentes dans le soya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">_____<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pascal Larose, agr.<\/strong><br>Chef de produits et de l\u2019agronomie<br>Semences Maizex, Qu\u00e9bec et Maritimes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, nous voyons appara\u00eetre de nouvelles maladies au Qu\u00e9bec. Dans ce dossier sur les maladies \u00e9mergentes \u00e0 surveiller, nous regarderons dans un premier temps ce qui guette le&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"inline_featured_image":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-agronomie"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les maladies \u00e9mergentes dans le ma\u00efs - Maizex Seeds Inc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/maizex.com\/fr\/les-maladies-emergentes-dans-le-mais\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les maladies \u00e9mergentes dans le ma\u00efs - Maizex Seeds Inc.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, nous voyons appara\u00eetre de nouvelles maladies au Qu\u00e9bec. 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